Vista Installation Procedure
1. Boot your computer system using the Windows Vista Upgrade DVD. You may have to set your BIOS to boot from DVD first, as the 1st boot device if it hasn’t been setup before.
2. Then click on the “Install Now” button.
3. You will be prompted to enter a Product Key. Do not enter one - leave it blank.
4. You will be prompted to select the Vista product version you wish to install.
5. Do so now.
6. The installation should proceed normally for Vista. Installation time is quicker then previous versions of Windows.
7. Upon completion of the installation process, you must restart the installation once again from within Vista. And you must select to do a in-place upgrade. This time you will enter your Product Key when asked.
Windows 2000 Installation Procedure
1. If computer is incapable of booting from CDROM, then first prepare four install floppies, using CDROM. Boot from floppy, and it will prompt to load all four into RAM. (This procedure takes about 10 minutes.) Insert Windows 2000 Full Install CDROM.1b. Otherwise, insert Windows 2000 Full Install CDROM and reboot.
2. Hit ENTER to install Windows 2000.
3. Hit C to continue.
4. Hit the F8 key to agree to license agreement.
5. Hit D to delete any existing disk partitions.
6. Hit C to create new partition.
7. Hit ENTER to accept the default (one big partition.) Note there may be some space left over. That’s OK.
8. ENTER to install windows on this partition.
9. ENTER to format the partition as NTFS.locale and keyboard settings.
12. Type computer name and school name in the appropriate slots, hit ENTER.
13. Type the computer name. Type the Administrator password TWICE. Password will show as all asterisks. ENTER.
14. Modify the date, time and time zone as needed. ENTER.
15. Click to select “Custom settings”. ENTER.
16. Click to remove the check next to “File and Printer Sharing for Microsoft Networks”. ENTER.
17. Leave “This computer is not on a network or is on a network without a domain” selected (or if a PDC is available, selected the domain option). Type EPAHS in the Workgroup (or Domain) field. ENTER.
18. Remove CD from drive. ENTER. Computer will reboot. ENTER.
19. Select “User must enter a user name and password to use this computer.” ENTER. ENTER again.
20. Log into computer as Administrator, using the password you entered in step 13. ENTER.
21. Disable the WELCOME Screen.
22. Double-click the “Connect to the Internet” icon on the desktop. Select “I want to set up my Internet connection manually, or I want to connect through a local area network (LAN).” OK.
23. Select “I connect through a local area network (LAN).” ENTER. ENTER again.
24. Select NO to setting up email. OK. OK again.
25. Right-click on “My Network Places”. Click Properties.Right-click on “Local area network”. Click Properties.Click on “Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)” so that it turns blue. Click Properties.Select “Use the following IP address”.Type in the IP address, subnet mask, gateway and DNS addresses you wrote down before. Click OK.
26. Change the Resolution (by right clicking on the desktop and selecting Properties:24 bit True Color800 x 600Advanced -> Adapter -> Refresh Rate -> 75 HzYES ... OK ... OK ... OK ... (Joe Pesci mode)Now adjust monitor physical wheels as needed.
27. Set the ScreenSaver to show the computer name:Right-click on desktop, select Properties-> Screensaver Tab-> Text = “PC01 Welcome To EPAHS PC01”-> Speed = Medium-> Location = Random-> Font = Terminal-> Size = 72-> Wait = 10 minutes-> Color = your choiceEnergy Saver: Turn off monitor after 30 minutes.
Installing Windows XP
When it comes time to install Windows XP, the first decision you must make is whether to perform a new install or an upgrade.Unless you are dual booting, a new install deletes all your existing programs, personal settings and system files. A new install also lets you:select special features such as accessibility, language and other advanced options;decide which file system you'd like to use;install XP in its own partition if you plan to run XP on a dual-boot system. Geekgirl.technote: What is dual booting?To dual boot a computer means to run two or more operating systems side-by-side on the same machine. For example, some people run some version of Windows alongside another operating system such as Linux or BeOS. This gives them access to all the features of both systems. Others run two versions of Windows, such as Windows 98 and Windows 2000, alongside one another.Dual booting adds a level of complexity to your computer, so it's only worth doing if you have a real need for it and you have a fair degree of computer nous.My recommendationI recommend you do a new install. This ensures XP doesn't inherit any of the junk you've accumulated; nor will it inherit the instabilities which any Windows system develops over time.If your existing operating system doesn't support a direct upgrade to XP you will have to do a new install, using a full version of the product. For example, if you're running Windows 95, you cannot purchase an upgrade version of Windows XP; instead you'll have to buy the more expensive full version and perform a new install. Chances are, though, if you're still running Windows 95 your hardware will not be sufficient to run Windows XP anyway, so make sure you check that out first. For more information on whether you can upgrade your operating system directly to XP, see the section Does my system qualify for an upgrade? in the article Is Windows XP Right for Me?If you don't want to go through a new install and you qualify for the upgrade version of XP, you can do a quick upgrade. This installs XP over the top of your existing Windows system, preserving programs and personalised settings. Unfortunately, it may also preserve any instabilities or conflicts your existing Windows configuration contains, so think twice about going this route.Regardless of the type of install you choose, it is very important you first back up your documents, e-mail, browser favourites and any other important files before starting the installation.: Pre-installation stepsTo perform a new install of Windows XP:Insert your XP CD in the drive. It should automatically launch the Setup routine. If it doesn't, click Start -> Run, type d:\setup.exe (where d: is the letter of your CD drive) in the Open box and click OK.You'll be presented with a menu of choices. Click Install Windows.The first setup screen asks you what type of installation to perform. Select New Installation (Advanced) from the drop-down list and click the Next button to move to the next screen.Read through the licence agreement and, if you accept it, click I Accept This Agreement, then click Next.Type in your Windows Product Key, which you'll find on the CD cover, then click Next.The next screen lets you choose from a variety of options. If you'd like to copy all the installation files to your hard drive (which increases the speed of the installation and makes it easy to reinstall at a later point, but will chew up some 500 megabytes of hard disk space) or you'd like to choose the drive and partition where XP is installed (which you must do if you intend to dual boot, otherwise you'll trash the existing installation), click the Advanced Options button. If you are visually disabled, click the Accessibility Options button and you will be able to use the Windows Magnifier and/or the Windows Narrator during setup. The Magnifier lets you magnify portions of the screen; the Narrator reads each screen during setup. Click Next when you're ready to proceed.The next screen lets you choose which file system to use. XP runs on NTFS (NT File System), FAT (File Allocation Table) or FAT32 (FAT 32-bit version). If you pick FAT, Setup automatically uses FAT32 for partitions larger than 2G.Why should you worry about any of this? Well, Microsoft recommends you should use NTFS, and I agree. This file system provides better reliability and security, manages your hard disk space more efficiently, and offers additional advanced file functions.The only reason to opt for FAT32 instead is if you want to install more than one operating system on your computer and give those other operating systems access to files on your XP partition. Not all operating systems can handle NTFS, so if you intend to install XP alongside such an operating system, choosing FAT32 is the way to go.Note that you can safely convert from FAT or FAT32 to NTFS without losing any of your data, but the process is one-way: You can't revert an NTFS system to a FAT system.Once you've made your selection, click Next.If you have an active Internet connection, you can use Dynamic Update to gather the latest XP setup and driver files. This is worth doing, as it may eliminate problems Microsoft has uncovered in installing XP. Click Next to continue.To ensure your hardware is compatible with XP, Setup creates an upgrade report. It's worth getting a full report, which you should read and print out before continuing with Setup. If the report makes any recommendations, follow them.
The installation processOnce you've completed these pre-installation steps, Setup will copy installation files to your hard drive, restart your system and proceed through the full setup procedure. Sit back and let it happen.If you're prompted to restart your system or for other action, follow the instructions on screen. During the final stages, Setup will install drivers for all hardware it recognises, first for Plug and Play devices, then for other hardware. At this stage, you may have to provide driver disks for some of your hardware so make sure you have all the disks which originally accompanied your hardware handy
Performing a quick upgradePerforming a quick upgrade is similar to the new install routine, but requires fewer steps on your part:Insert your XP CD in the drive. It should automatically launch the setup routine. If it doesn't, click Start -> Run, type d:\setup.exe (where d: is the letter of your CD drive) in the Open box and click OK.Click the Install Windows option.Select Upgrade (Recommended) from the Installation Type drop-down list and click Next.Click I Accept This Agreement, then click Next.Type in your Windows Product Key and click Next.If you have an active Internet connection, select Yes, Download The Updated Setup Files. Click Next.Let Setup create an upgrade report to check your system's compatibility. Follow its recommendations before proceeding.Click Finish. Setup will copy installation files to your hard drive, restart your system and proceed through the full setup procedure.Welcome to WindowsAfter the installation has finished, your system will be restarted and XP will launch you into the final stage of setting up your system. You'll be asked whether you want to activate XP and create users. You can go ahead and activate your system at this stage, although as it's easiest to do this via modem, you may want to wait until later (see the article on Activating XP for details).Check out the other useful options on the installation CD.If you share your computer with others, take the opportunity now to create user names. Simply enter your name plus the name of any others who will use the computer on a regular basis. Every user you create will initially be given Computer Administrator status, providing full access to all functions. Once you're up and running, you can change this via User Accounts in the Control Panel. You can also use User Accounts to add passwords for users and create a guest account for occasional users.
Installation glossarycrash Also known as freeze. When a computer application or PC suddenly stops functioning due to a software conflict or other problem.DLL Dynamic Link Library. A collection of common code routines often used by multiple applications.driver A piece of software which tells the operating system how to interact with a particular piece of hardware.file system The system used by an operating system to track and organise files. All three file systems supported by XP (FAT, FAT32 and NTFS) are examples of hierarchical file systems, which use directories (folders) to organise files into a tree structure, with sub-folders branching off from a root folder. Each file system has its own special features and functions. NTFS is the most sophisticated and efficient of the three XP file systems.peripheral Any hardware component connected to the system unit. Examples include the mouse, keyboard, printer, scanner, monitor, external modem.Plug and Play Also known as PnP. Hardware designed to be automatically recognised and configured by Windows.reboot To restart a computer.
Windows XP is known for its improved stability and efficiency over the 9x versions of Microsoft Windows. It presents a significantly redesigned graphical user interface, a change Microsoft promoted as more user-friendly than previous versions of Windows. New software management capabilities were introduced to avoid the "DLL hell" that plagued older consumer-oriented 9x versions of Windows. It is also the first version of Windows to use product activation to combat software piracy, a restriction that did not sit well with some users and privacy advocates. Windows XP has also been criticized by some users for security vulnerabilities, tight integration of applications such as Internet Explorer and Windows Media Player, and for aspects of its default user interface.
Windows Vista (IPA: /ˈvɪs.tə/) is a line of graphical operating systems used on personal computers, including home and business desktops, laptops, Tablet PCs, and media centers. Prior to its announcement on July 22, 2005, Windows Vista was known by its codename "Longhorn".[1] Development was completed on November 8, 2006; over the following three months it was released in stages to computer hardware and software manufacturers, business customers, and retail channels. On January 30, 2007, it was released worldwide to the general public,[2] and was made available for purchase and downloading from Microsoft's web site.[3] The release of Windows Vista comes more than five years after the introduction of its predecessor, Windows XP, making it the longest time span between two releases of Microsoft Windows.Windows Vista contains hundreds of new and reworked features; some of the most significant include an updated graphical user interface and visual style dubbed Windows Aero, improved searching features, new multimedia creation tools such as Windows DVD Maker, and completely redesigned networking, audio, print, and display sub-systems. Vista also aims to increase the level of communication between machines on a home network using peer-to-peer technology, making it easier to share files and digital media between computers and devices. For developers, Vista includes version 3.0 of the .NET Framework, which aims to make it significantly easier for developers to write applications than with the traditional Windows API.
Windows 2000 (also referred to as Win2K) is a preemptive, interruptible, graphical and business-oriented operating system designed to work with either uniprocessor or symmetric multi-processor computers. It is part of the Microsoft Windows NT line of operating systems and was released on February 17, 2000. It was succeeded by Windows XP in October 2001 and Windows Server 2003 in April 2003. Windows 2000 is classified as a hybrid kernel operating system.Windows 2000 was made available in four editions: Professional, Server, Advanced Server, and Datacenter Server. Additionally, Microsoft offered Windows 2000 Advanced Server Limited Edition and Windows 2000 Datacenter Server Limited Edition, which were released in 2001 and run on 64-bit Intel Itanium microprocessors.[4] Whilst all editions of Windows 2000 are targeted to different markets, they each share a core set of common functionality, including many system utilities such as the Microsoft Management Console and standard system administration applications. Support for people with disabilities was improved over Windows NT 4.0 with a number of new assistive technologies, and Microsoft included increased support for different languages and locale information. All versions of the operating system support the Windows NT filesystem, NTFS 3.0,[5] the Encrypting File System, as well as basic and dynamic disk storage. The Windows 2000 Server family has additional functionality, including the ability to provide Active Directory services (a hierarchical framework of resources), Distributed File System (a file system that supports sharing of files) and fault-redundant storage volumes. Windows 2000 can be installed and deployed to corporate desktops through either an attended or unattended installation. Unattended installations rely on the use of answer files to fill in installation information, and can be performed through a bootable CD using Microsoft Systems Management Server, by the System Preparation Tool. Windows 2000 is the last NT-kernel based version of Microsoft Windows that does not include Windows Product Activation
Windows NT 3.1 is the first release of Microsoft's Windows NT line of server and business desktop operating systems, and was released to manufacturing on July 27, 1993. The version number was chosen to match the one of Windows 3.1, the then-latest GUI from Microsoft, on account of the similar visual appearance of the user interface. Two editions of NT 3.1 were made available, Windows NT 3.1 and Windows NT Advanced Server.
Development of Windows NT started in November 1988, after Microsoft hired a group of developers from Digital Equipment Corporation led by Dave Cutler. Many elements of the design reflect earlier DEC experience with VMS and RSX-11. The operating system was designed to run on multiple instruction set architectures and multiple hardware platforms within each architecture. The platform dependencies are largely hidden from the rest of the system by a kernel mode module called the HAL.Windows NT was originally intended to be OS/2 3.0, the third version of the operating system developed jointly by Microsoft and IBM. When Windows 3.0 was released in May 1990, it was so successful that Microsoft decided to change the primary application programming interface for the still-unreleased NT OS/2 (as it was then known) from an extended OS/2 API to an extended Windows API. This decision caused tension between Microsoft and IBM, and the collaboration ultimately fell apart. IBM continued OS/2 development alone, while Microsoft continued work on the newly-renamed Windows NT.
MS-DOS (short for Microsoft Disk Operating System) is an operating system commercialised by Microsoft. It was the most commonly used member of the DOS family of operating systems and was the dominant operating system for the PC compatible platform during the 1980s. It has gradually been replaced on consumer desktop computers by various generations of the Windows operating system.MS-DOS was originally released in 1981 and had eight major versions released before Microsoft stopped development in 2000. It was the key product in Microsoft's growth from a programming languages company to a diverse software development firm, providing the company with essential revenue and marketing resources. It also provided the platform on which early versions of Windows ran.MS-DOS has effectively ceased to exist as a platform for desktop computing. Since the releases of Windows 9x, it was integrated as a full product mostly used for bootstrapping, and no longer officially released as a standalone DOS. It was still available, but became increasingly irrelevant as development shifted to the Windows API.
A classic Windows logo. Was used from 1992 to 2000 Windows/386 introduced a 32-bit protected mode kernel and virtual machine monitor. For the duration of a Windows session, it created one or more virtual 8086 environments and provided device virtualization for the video card, keyboard, mouse, timer and interrupt controller inside each of them. The user-visible consequence was that it became possible to preemptively multitask multiple MS-DOS environments in separate Windows (graphical applications required switching the window to full screen mode). Windows applications were still multi-tasked cooperatively inside one of such real-mode environments.
Windows 3.0 (1990) and Windows 3.1 (1992) improved the design, mostly because of virtual memory and loadable virtual device drivers (VxDs) which allowed them to share arbitrary devices between multitasked DOS windows.[citation needed] Because of this, Windows applications could now run in 16-bit protected mode (when Windows was running in Standard or 386 Enhanced Mode), which gave them access to several megabytes of memory and removed the obligation to participate in the software virtual memory scheme. They still ran inside the same address space, where the segmented memory provided a degree of protection, and multi-tasked cooperatively. For Windows 3.0, Microsoft also rewrote critical operations from C into assembly, making this release faster and less memory-hungry than its predecessors.[citation needed]
The box art of Windows 1.0, the first version that Microsoft released to the public. 16-bit operating environments
The box art of Windows 1.0, the first version that Microsoft released to the public.
The early versions of Windows were often thought of as just graphical user interfaces, mostly because they ran on top of MS-DOS and used it for file system services.[citation needed] However even the earliest 16-bit Windows versions already assumed many typical operating system functions, notably having their own executable file format and providing their own device drivers (timer, graphics, printer, mouse, keyboard and sound) for applications. Unlike MS-DOS, Windows allowed users to execute multiple graphical applications at the same time, through cooperative multitasking. Finally, Windows implemented an elaborate, segment-based, software virtual memory scheme which allowed it to run applications larger than available memory: code segments and resources were swapped in and thrown away when memory became scarce, and data segments moved in memory when a given application had relinquished processor control, typically waiting for user input.[citation needed] 16-bit Windows versions include Windows 1.0 (1985), Windows 2.0 (1987) and its close relative Windows/286.
Screenshot of Windows Vista Ultimate, the latest version of Microsoft Windows (Build 6000).
Company/developer:
Microsoft Corporation
OS family:
MS-DOS/9x-based, Windows CE, Windows NT
Source model:
Closed source
Stable release:
Windows VistaNT 6.0 (November 8, 2006) [+/-]
Preview release:
Windows Server 2008Release Candidate 0NT 6.0.6001.16648 (September 2007) [+/-]
License:
MS-EULA
Working state:
Current
Website:
Microsoft Windows
Latest Motherboard Dual channel DDR2 800 (O.C. DDR2-1066)DDR2 800 memory provides great performance for 3D graphics and other memory demanding applications on next generation memory technology.*Support max. 2 DIMMs when over-clock to DDR2-1066
PCI Express Architecture PCI Express is the latest I/O interconnect technology that will replace the existing PCI. With a bus bandwidth 2 times higher than that of AGP 8X interface, PCI Express x8 bus performs much better in applications such as 3D gaming.
Uses 100% All High-quality Conductive Polymer CapacitorsThis motherboard uses all high-quality conductive polymer capacitors onboard for durability, improved lifespan, and enhanced thermal capacity.
Latest CPU modelIntel promises noticeable performance gains from its new FSB1333 bus, currently available on Core 2 series 6x50 processors. Even though a quick look at a few benchmarks from Tom's Hardware's 2007 CPU Charts shows mixed results between these and same-speed FSB1066 versions, one thing is for certain: buying the latest processor model ensures a later core stepping with potentially better overclocking capabilities. Stepping updates are minor revisions that fix bugs, hot spots and/or other stability issues, and added stability with reduced heat sounds to us like the perfect recipe for increasing speeds.Another certainty is Intel's unwillingness to allow its buyers to increase the CPU to FSB multiplier on anything that doesn't carry one of its "Extreme" model names. Overclocking the E6750 and E6550 can be significantly limited by the FSB capabilities of most motherboards, due to the respective 8x and 7x multiplier limits of the two models. For example, reaching 4.0 GHz on the E6750 requires a 500 MHz FSB clock (FSB2000), but many boards give up at around 490 MHz (FSB1960).A second concern that most FSB1333 overclockers are likely to face is that Intel's latest chipsets support a minimum 1:1 DRAM to FSB clock speed. This limitation assures that systems receive adequate memory bandwidth, but it also means that the minimum memory specification that will work with FSB2000 (500 MHz clock) is DDR2-1000 (500 MHz clock). High-end memory intended for overclocking is generally expensive, and though this speed may be common among DDR3 modules, most currently-available DDR3-supporting motherboards require an even higher 5:4 ratio. Either way, it's up to the buyer to add premium memory to the cost of his or her endeavor.A big advantage that review sites have over normal consumers is a wide variety of in-house parts, which allows each editor to pick and choose the best parts for any given task. We have the motherboards, memory, and cooling, so let's see how far we can push Intel's mid-priced Core 2 Duo E6750.
The Latest Memory Model
Samsung Electronics announced 21 of its DDR3 solutions have been validated on Intel Corporation's reference platform to work with Intel's next generation DDR3 (Double Data Rate - Version 3) chipsets. This is the largest number of DDR3-based solutions to have passed the validation program.Samsung's Intel-validated solutions include 13 modules and eight monolithic devices in combinations of 512Megabit (Mb)/1Gigabit (Gb) densities with speeds of 800 or 1066Mb/ps."Samsung's DDR3 memory technology is the next step in the evolution of DDR SDRAM memory technology," said Pete MacWilliams, Senior Fellow, Intel Corporation. “This technology will also provide the bandwidth headroom necessary to support Intel's platform roadmap of the future."Samsung has worked very closely with Intel to develop the most advanced and comprehensive set of DDR3 memory solutions as early as possible in preparation for the next generation of Intel chipsets."The successful system performance of Samsung's DDR3 memory chips and modules on Intel's desktop platform is a clear sign that DDR3 is well on its way to becoming a key technology for desktops in 2007," said Kevin Lee, Vice President, Memory Marketing, Samsung Semiconductor, Inc.Samsung Electronics will exhibit at Microsoft’s WinHEC 2007 Conference on May 14-15 a high-performance desktop PC installed with 8GBs of memory, consisting of four 1333Mbps 2GB DDR3 memory modules. This 1333 Mbps 8GB configuration is currently the fastest speed and largest density for a DDR3 chip, making it the optimal memory solution for PCs with advanced gaming features.DDR3 memory will provide at least twice the bandwidth of today's primary memory - DDR2 - with data transfer rates now up to 1.6Gb/s. This will enable much improved 3D graphics, which will directly benefit users of the new Vista operating system. DDR3 also improves the efficiency of multi-threading operations, which will enhance the performance of multi-core systems. DDR3 not only allows for higher system performance, but it also uses only 1.5V of power compared to the 1.8V of DDR2, thereby extending battery life in notebooks. To further optimize system thermal management, DDR3 modules can utilize a thermal sensor on the dual in-line memory module (DIMM).
LATEST COMPUTER SLOT
The IMBA-X9654 with Intel’s Q965 chipset provides a PCI Express x16 graphics interface supporting the latest high performance graphics cards. Apart from the x16 slot, IEI uses a PCI Express switch for enhanced expandability. New processors support a PCIe interface, allowing high speed interconnections to endpoints or slots/connectors for expansion modules. However, most CPUs do not provide multiple PCIe ports, hence limiting connectivity to the endpoints and expansion slots.
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